Course Project Activity #2

Course Project Activity #2 | Course Project Activity #2 | edX101 Courseware | edX

Brainstorm with your course team and write a brief memo to record your thoughts. Documenting your discussion will come in handy during the self-assessment.

How would I get my course out more?  I'm comfortable with moving this forward with the existing school systems that I am engaged with.  Creating more Experiential Learning opportunities are fundamental for who I am.  Making this system stronger and more available seems necessary for the next step of this plan. Getting this out is where I need to start first!

Course Project Activity #1

Course Project Activity #1

What are the ultimate aims of this course?

• create a portal for team building
• allow simple data collection for teams
• interface directly with students to support personal projects

What do we want learners to know after taking this course?

• building teams and projects are easy
• creating a team with peers is ideal to complete any project
• everything can be defined as a project

What should they be able to do?

• read, understand and share freely
• commit and follow-through
• be honest and direct

How does this influence a) what we teach, b) how we teach it, and c) how students are assessed and graded?

• this allows all processes of society to be formulated as an academic "experiential learning" course
• Teaching and learning become fundamental to all social interaction and infrastructure development
• assessments are based on results, not just memorizing data

Who will be responsible for what roles throughout the course development process?

• all participants are responsible for their own project development, results and next steps

The Followers are the Game Changers: It’s a New Dance - i.b.mee.

The Followers are the Game Changers: It’s a New Dance - i.b.mee.
Learn to be a "First Follower"

Have you seen this 3 minute popular video showing how followers are the key in changing a culture? …check it out


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW8amMCVAJQ

Great leaders have the gift of vision. They see and know what positive changes could be even in the mist of cultural and system complacency or chaos. It takes a vision to jumpstart a change. It takes followers to make and sustain the change as the video brilliantly points out. Without their risk-taking, the norm would not have changed and the others would not have experienced the fun and excitement of moving their bodies to the music, -a new dance.

Fwd: Is Plastic Harming Your Health?

From: Earth Day Network <email-reply@earthday.org>

We hear a lot these days about plastic bottles, bags, straws, packaging and other plastic materials polluting our planet, with news reports highlighting threats to wildlife and devastation of coral reefs. But the plastic problem doesn't end there. Time and time again, scientists have proven that what's bad for the planet is bad for people.  The negative impact of plastic pollution is found inside our bodies. And these chemicals inside our bodies are likely contributing to a wide range of harmful health issues. Plastic Fact: Bisphenol A also known as BPA—used to make billions of plastic beverage containers, dinnerware, protective linings of food cans, and toys— is considered an endocrine disruptor, meaning it can both increase or decrease endocrine activity in humans and cause adverse health effects. Plastic Fact: Growing literature links many Phthalates— a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and harder to break—with a variety of adverse outcomes, including weight gain and insulin resistance, decreased levels of sex hormones, and other consequences for the human reproductive system, both for females and males. Want to know more? Click to see our TOP 10 Plastic Pollution and Health FACTS and read our recent blog post What's the problem with BPA? Ready to take action? Download our Earth Day 2018: Plastic Pollution Primer and Action Toolkitdesigned to help individuals, organizations and educators like you to learn more about the issue and organize your friends, family and community to End Plastic Pollution this Earth Day. Together, we can protect the planet and people we love.  -The Earth Day Network Team

Earth Law

Earth Law: Community Bill of Rights

While a law of Ecocide is an example of International Earth Law, there are examples of Earth Law happening at local levels too. Community Bills of Rights have been pioneered in the US by the Community Environmental Legal Defence Fund (CELDF) in recent years. They are local laws to elevate the rights of communities and nature above corporate rights, and they have proved effective in empowering communities to allow them to determine whether corporate developments, such as fracking, can proceed.

Community Bills of Rights are an example of bottom up legal systematic change. Where communities feel that their voices are not being heard Community Bills of Rights redirect rights, so that people and planet are put first. This has parallels in successful rights based movements like the abolitionists and the suffragettes.

In the UK, communities can be empowered in the same way as has happened under a Community Bill of Rights in the US. Community Chartering in the UK is now emerging. You can read more at communitychartering.org

In the UK, a Community Bill of Rights changes the legal framework in two fundamental ways:

it enshrines the right to local community self government by giving the local people the right to decide what happens in their communities; it recognize the rights of nature. By identifying that nature has intrinsic value, and is not merely property a Community Bill of Rights is an example of Earth law which complements and supports law to eradicate ecocide at the international level.

Essentials of Theory U - Otto Scharmer - YouTube

Creating "awareness based field research"

(3) The Essentials of Theory U - Otto Scharmer - YouTube

Weaving Influence

Published on Mar 22, 2018

Since its first printing, Theory U has evolved into a movement within both academic and organizational development programs on a global scale. Otto Scharmer details the latest Theory U developments into a short handbook that focuses on three essential components:

1. A framework for seeing the blind spots of leadership and systems change.

2. A method for implementing awareness-based change: process, principles, practices.

3. A new narrative for evolutionary societal change: updating our mental and institutional operating systems (OS) in all of society’s sectors.

hOurworld - Time Bank Mobile Web Services

Time Bank Mobile Web Services

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has funded a team of researchers at the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), and the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) to conduct scientific research into timebanking. Their goal is to understand timebanking practices and the role that technology plays in enabling them and to develop new innovative technologies to make it much easier to do and more popular. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIS-1218544

Corporate Child Abuse: The Unseen Global Epidemic

Corporate Child Abuse: Global Research - Centre for Research on Globalization

today children may be assaulted, diseased, or killed by pervasive corporate drugs, junk-foods and beverages, perverted by mindless violence in multiple modes, deployed as dead-end labour with no benefits, and then dumped into a corporate future of debt enslavement and meaningless work. How could this increasing systematic abuse be publicly licensed at every level? What kind of society could turn a blind eye to its dominant institutions laying waste the lives of the young and humanity’s future itself?



Bakan’s classic film and book,The Corporation has revealed step by step the “corporation as psychopath”.




Bakan reports copious findings on Big Pharma buying doctors with favours, planting articles in name journals, inventing child illnesses to prescribe medications to, and drugging the young from infancy on with the unsafe substances they push (pp. 65-114). Along with the corporate invasion of children’s healthcare goes the invasion of public education (pp. 139-71, 245-56). Administrators with now corporate executive salaries for no educational function collaborate with the agenda, and mechanical testing devices closed to independent academic examination are the Trojan horse for a mass lock-step of miseducation (pp. 140-62). Bakan is aware that the whole trend of corporatization of the classroom and educational institutions “undermines the role of education in promoting critical thought and intelligent reflection” (p. 47). Indeed it wars against them in principle. For reasoning and critical research require learners to address problems independently of corporate profits and to penetrate behind market-conditioned beliefs. Big-business demands the opposite. It maximizes money returns as its first and final principle of thought and judgement, and selects against any truth or knowledge conflicting with this goal.





Corporate child abuse, in short, far surpasses all other forms of child abuse put together. But in a world where both parents are at work to survive and big money always wins elections, the life interests of children are bullied out of view. “Corporations [are] large, powerful and dominating institutions”, Bakan summarizes, “deliberately programmed to exploit and neglect others in pursuit of wealth for themselves” (p. 175).




So what is the resolution? Bakan emphasizes the pre-cautionary principle and laws against clear harms to the young. He emphasizes “values” and “teaching what is good for them and what is not” (pp. 49-50). Yet we have no principled criterion of either. They are self-evident once seen. The good for children is whatever enables life capacities to coherently grow, and the bad is whatever disables them. Corporate dominion goes the opposite direction. Thus unfitness, obesity, depression, egoic fantasies, aggressive violence, and aimlessness increase the more its profitable child abuse runs out of control. This is the heart of our disorder. Public regulation of corporations by tested life-capacity standards is the solution.

Dirt Poor: Fruits and Vegetables are Less Nutritious

Dirt Poor: Have Fruits and Vegetables Become Less Nutritious? - Scientific American

A landmark study on the topic by Donald Davis and his team of researchers from the University of Texas (UT) at Austin’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry was published in December 2004 in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition. They studied U.S. Department of Agriculture nutritional data from both 1950 and 1999 for 43 different vegetables and fruits, finding “reliable declines” in the amount of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin (vitamin B2) and vitamin C over the past half century. Davis and his colleagues chalk up this declining nutritional content to the preponderance of agricultural practices designed to improve traits (size, growth rate, pest resistance) other than nutrition.

Recent studies of historical nutrient content data for fruits and vegetables spanning 50 to 70 years show apparent median declines of 5% to 40% or more in minerals, vitamins, and protein in groups of foods, especially in vegetables

Acknowledging assessment difficulties, since the 1850s, wheats have declined in Mg concentration 7–29 %; USA and English vegetables’ Mg declined 15–23 %, 1930s to 1980s. The nadir of USA food Mg supply in 1968 coincides with the USA peak in CVD mortality. As humans transition from “traditional” to modern processed food diets, Mg intake declines.

The haves and have-nots: four cities in crisis | Cities | The Guardian

The haves and have-nots: four cities in crisis | Cities | The Guardian

More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities, but many people are residing in a state of limbo, leading a precarious existence on the margins, excluded from the promises of urban life. The world’s population is on the move more than ever before, driven by conflict and persecution, by the threat of environmental catastrophe and the lure of a better life, but cities simply aren’t prepared to receive their new arrivals.

Over the last two decades, Guardian photographer David Levene has documented the ways that people are living and working in cities around the world, how they make do with the bare minimum of resources to carve out space for themselves and their families in the most precarious of circumstances, and how cities are being polarised into places of haves and have-nots, with the right to the city relentlessly eroded.

Play Video

9:50

On the publication of his new book of urban photographs, City, and an exhibition of his work at Foyles bookshop in London, we look at four very different cities that nonetheless share a common urban 21st experience of dislocation and resilience.

From the yurt encampments on the peripheries of Ulaanbaatar built by herders following the disastrous loss of livestock during extreme winters, to the self-built city of the Calais Jungle refugee camp, the growing homeless population of San Francisco forced on to the streets by the tech boom, and the dislocated town of Abu Dis, now cut off from Jerusalem by a huge concrete wall, Levene’s photographs reveal a shared experience: of human ingenuity against the odds.

About | Rebuild By Design

About | Rebuild By Design

Resilient by Design | Bay Area Challenge is a collaborative research and design project that brings together local residents, public officials and local, national and international experts to develop innovative solutions to the issues brought on by climate change that the Bay Area region faces today.

Design Teams have spent the last two months touring communities around San Francisco Bay, learning about challenges the communities are facing related to severe storms, flooding and sea level rise, layered on the broader challenges around infrastructure, affordability and inequity throughout the Bay Area. On November 15th, the Design Teams publicly presented 3-5 Design Opportunities, and following the event these design opportunities were posted for public input and review until December 1st on their website.

Design Opportunities are Live and We Want Your Feedback!

Now we want to know which ideas capture your imagination, hopes, ideas and thoughts for how to increase resilience in your community.

This valuable feedback will be relayed to our jury as they select which design opportunities rise to the top as the ideas that Design Teams will work alongside community leaders to develop into real-world solutions addressing many of our region’s most pressing concerns.

COMMENT HERE

THE POWER OF C40 CITIES

C40: Rather than end at a case study or report, C40 Networks create conversations, which enable cities to tailor their own actions to their unique situations, and band together to use their collective power to access partnership resources, including technical and financial support

About City Diplomacy

In the lead up to a series of important international events culminating in COP 21 (Paris, December 2015), C40 developed a City Diplomacy Strategy as a mechanism to further accelerate city action and support efforts to better link these to national ambitions.

The key goals of C40’s city diplomacy strategy are to:

• Demonstrate How Cities Are Leading the Way
• Catalyze Action and Secure Resources for C40 Cities
• Have a Positive Impact on an Inter-Governmental Agreement to Tackle Climate Change

Compact of Mayors

The Compact of Mayors is the world’s largest cooperative effort among mayors and city officials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks in cities.

By establishing a common platform to capture the impact of cities’ collective actions through standardized measurement of emissions and climate risk, and consistent, public reporting of their efforts, it provides hard evidence that cities are true climate leaders, and that local action can have a significant global impact.

On 22 June 2016, the Compact of Mayors and the Covenant of Mayors announced the new Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, a newly merged initiative to bring these two efforts together. See C40 blog for more details of the announcement.

To be fully compliant with the Compact of Mayors, cities commit to taking action in three phases, with requirements covering both climate mitigation and adaptation. The status of each committed C40 city can be explored in the dashboard below, along with all city-reported data. More details on the requirements can be found here.

Partners to the Compact of Mayors include C40, ICLEI, UCLG and UN Habitat. CDP is the reporting partner for C40 cities.

Requirements

The requirements of the Compact of Mayors are summarised in the table below. Full details of the requirements can be found on the Compact of Mayors website.

Cities use a single standard for developing greenhouse gas inventories; the Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (GPC). CURB is an official decision support tool of the Compact of Mayors designed to support the setting of emission reduction targets and the development of climate action plans.

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Learn More

View the Compact of Mayors FAQ

Visit the Compact of Mayors website

Download the Compact

Olives - Gardening Solutions - University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences

Olives - Gardening Solutions - University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences

Several other Florida plants are commonly called "olive," so be sure you're purchasing a European olive tree if you intend to grow an edible fruit.

While olives have been grown in Florida for years on a small scale, they are a relatively new commercial crop here, so there is still much to be learned about the cultural requirements for keeping healthy and productive trees. Researchers have been testing olive trees as far south as Orlando. Growers further south will have to decide whether it's worth the chance or wait for more research to be done to see just how far south these trees will grow and thrive.

Floral development (and thus, fruit production) in the olive can be quite complex. Planting more than one cultivar close together may increase fruit set. If you want to jump in and give it a try, the cultivar 'Arbequina' from Spain has been the most popular in Florida. It is a self-pollinator, meaning it can use its own pollin to fertilize and produce fruit, but having other cultivars nearby seems to help. 'Koroneiki' and 'Arbosona' are often planted to support pollination of 'Arbequina'. 'Mission', the common black "table olive" (for eating as opposed to those better for oil), is another cultivar that is self-fertile and may do well in a Florida landscape.

BUY AN OLIVE TREE

BUY AN OLIVE TREE

Patent US20070170306 - Unity method - Google Patents

I submitted this after I started my MBA Patent US20070170306, and it was about what my Son had taught me. . . I posted more about this again: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/MayanChant/conversations/messages/323 It's really a trip for me to see what happens when I'm asked a question. . . or forced to ANSWER one. Like even to see or share something with someone. . .

Like, Suzanne said how the PTSD was so apparent, with the Irma Hurricane passing by so close!

So I graduated again and so my Son said how I've done this before. He told me how I've written a journal since high school, so each degree/transition was written up.  Discussions on what was attempted, and what was completed, and what was next. . . . Like My first Handyman business in NJ, lasted two months before my Dad hired me to clean out his Garage so he could move to Tampa!

Funny, last week my Dad hired me as a Handyman, again!

I wonder if I'll be cleaning out the garage again!  Course back then, he offered me "room and board" but then included a vacation to Tampa where he had moved dellem associate inc. . . wanting me to go to college. . . hum, http://www.dellem.com/  . . . lol. . . wow scobey still has it up there. .

YES JOURNALS, lol, since 1980 when . . . dellem started, and i died. . . what a trip is that! And back then, I journalled a ton before my first degree. . . as I came to Tampa for College because I wanted KIDS, and could not raise a child the WAY I wanted as a Handyman. I needed a professional degree, so I could work from home like at dellem, and spend all my time with my kids.

Obviously, I wrote a lot after that first degree. . . Finished it and got married ASAP!  But what about all the others?  Heck my last degree was 5 months ago now, . . . And again I learned a TON from my kids, as I wrote up for my teaching portfolio.  Like my Son's first question to me was about E=mc2. . . Explain that!

c) The mathematical and physical conception of the integration of Einstein's Equation is considered, whereby the uniform distribution of matter and energy transformations are recognized as universal and continuous throughout space and time is envisioned.

i. This may or may not include the specific mathematical understandings of integration including:

1. The continuous dynamics of energy and matter transferring from particles to waves representing the first integral (Fig.2, 40) capturing the energy changing zero to infinity. . .

2. The continuous dynamics exhibited at different vibrations and intensities for each type of energy as particles and waves. . . in transition and equilibrium which constitutes matter shown in the second integral (Fig.2, 60) of matter changing zero to infinity. . 

3. The continuous dynamics exhibited at different densities and speeds for each type of matter. . . place and time with the third integral (Fig.2, 80) showing time changing zero to infinity. . . . 

4. Thus, this evolution represent the continuous dynamics exhibited at every possible time frame. Time and space are both elastic and relative so allowing the conceptions to leap beyond time into future, past, and present enhance this method. . . we don't need to go or do anything, but the "conception" and understanding of energy (Fig.2, 40) as both particle and wave, gives us control over changing matter (Fig.2, 60) throughout our time (Fig.2, 80) . . . Shifting the Vibration of NOW, by changing the Vibration of Energy. . . which moves and exists at all levels and times at once. . . 

Agile Open Florida: October 6, 2017 | Lakeland, Florida

October 6, 2017 | Lakeland, Florida

Agilists from across the state of Florida and beyond for Agile Open Florida 2017 in Orlando, Florida in October.  Our theme this year is … Beyond Agile


Agile Open Florida will be facilitated using the Open Space Technology (OST) format, with the ultimate goal being to connect, learn, and share.  Using the Open Space Technology (OST) approach, the Agile Open Florida encourages agile practitioners from around the state of Florida to self-organize around topics that are most important to them.  In this framework, participants with common issues and interests share their experiences and learn from others.  There is no preset agenda for the event, rather, sessions are created “live” by the participants at the start of the day.  In order to get the most out of this event, please come prepared with topics that are of interest to you, either to learn more about or to share your experiences

The Huffington Post: Biohacking the Organization - The Bumble Bee

The Huffington Post: Biohacking the Organization - The Bumble Bee

An excellent article on Bioteams by Doug Kirkpatrick, US Partner at NuFocus Strategic Group concludes: "The power and elegance of bioteaming is indisputable. Whether organizational leaders will detach themselves from the perceived security blanket of traditional, artificial hierarchy in order to fully experience that power is another question entirely?"

Read the full article - Biohacking the Organization
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/great-work-cultures/biohacking-the-organizati_b_11080022.html

learning gardens

playground parts:

https://thekitchencommunity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/TKC-Product-Specs.pdf

see learning gardens article below

Begin forwarded message:

From: Massive Change <info@massivechangenetwork.com>

Subject: MCN News Live from EDIT

Date: October 2, 2017 at 2:01:26 PM EDT

To: <stars2man@yahoo.com>

Reply-To: Massive Change <info@massivechangenetwork.com>

People, inventions, technologies, books and events. View this email in your browser OCTOBER 2   |   SPECIAL ISSUE 4 NOURISHMENT Prosperity for All: Learning Gardens Prosperity for All: Protecting the Earth Is Good Business  Decorative Fruit No Lot Is Vacant Tiny Kitchen LEARNING GARDENS Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger A new movement that includes aquaponics, shipping container farming and cellular agriculture is eating into the global dominance of Big Ag. The next generation is feeding itself on local, sustainable foods – grown at home, at school and in the lab. Kimbal Musk, the tech millionaire turned restauranteur, is leading the fray, through the Kitchen Community nonprofit and his Learning Gardens initiative. PROTECTING THE EARTH IS GOOD BUSINESS Sustainable Development Goal 2015: Life on Land Gunter Pauli's Blue Economy model promotes enterprises that make the world a better place for all, one reimagined product at a time. On a macro scale, it also proposes entirely new closed-loop approaches – such as the zero-emissions brewery concept visualized here. And change is happening: the platform has identified dozens of successful businesses that have built social capital while treading lightly on the Earth. One such company is Germany's Bonaverde which makes a raw bean coffee machine that ensures coffee growers receive fair payment – they make a minimum of 25 percent over the production price – and creates a direct connection between the cultivator and end user. DECORATIVE FRUIT A Local Solution to Hunger In collaboration with Second Harvest and Toronto's Gladstone Hotel, Robert Cram creates an installation that serves as a functioning fruit and vegetable market, a sculpture gallery and a visual representation of one quarter of the food rescued and delivered daily by Second Harvest. In North America, over 30 percent of fruits and vegetables are rejected by supermarkets because they aren't attractive enough for consumers, while one in eight Canadian families struggle to put food on the table. It is estimated that a billion pounds of food is wasted annually in the GTA. The sculptural work embraces the weird, extraordinary and discarded through its juxtaposition with the familiar, uniform and standardized. Three-dimensional printed bronze-cast sculptures – a pepper, an eggplant and an orange – have been embedded within the market: perfect for arrangements with flowers and greenery or use alone as a tabletop décor. If sold, 50 percent of the net proceeds from the sale of the sculptures will be donated to Second Harvest. NO LOT IS VACANT By Victoria Taylor, Bowery Project and Jonas Spring No Lot is Vacant is a response to EDIT's partnership with the UNDP and its Global Goals of Zero Hunger. The team has transformed a vacant rooftop of the abandoned Unilever soap factory; breathing life into a new story of a former industrial site at an important time in its transition. Envisioned by Victoria Taylor Landscape Architect, urban farmers Bowery Project and plantsman/garden builder Jonas Spring/Ecoman, No Lot Is Vacant encourages a new way of thinking about how we nourish urban lands. The rooftop features Helianthus annuus (sunflower) a food source for birds; foraged plants spontaneously growing on site; and a mobile urban farm constructed from re-purposed milk crates (inspired by Ore Design) relocated from a vacant lot nearby. The rooftop is also pollinated by the abstracted steel petals of designer Andrew Jones' The Battery Chair for Maglin. The rooftop border is a 20M long viewing bar of site-salvaged rail timbers and at grade, in collaboration with site maintenance, a patch of commercial lawn left unmown and unirrigated through the summer, reveals the latent beauty and diversity of a vibrant urban-hardy meadow. TINY KITCHEN (formerly Mod Garden) By Amar Khwaja  Once a Wall Street banker, now an entrepreneur, single dad, and a passionate believer in the power of home-grown organic food to change your health and the world around you, Amar Khwaja's own health crisis led him to start a project to provide himself with a daily dose of homegrown organic food – even though home is an urban high-rise apartment. This Tiny Kitchen model is his fourth prototype, and he's learned through user testing that consumers want beauty and elegance, not just functionality. MASSIVE CHANGE NETWORK 1316 Sherman Avenue, Suite 200, Evanston, Illinois  60201  USA - (888) 976-2668 Home  Offerings  About  Case Studies  Bruce Mau Authorship  Contact Copyright © 2017 Massive Change Network, All rights reserved. Want to change how you receive these emails? You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list. Subscribe to our newsletter.

Projects: Cities, scaling, & sustainability | Santa Fe Institute

Projects: Cities, scaling, & sustainability | Santa Fe Institute

We are seeking a quantitative understanding of the organizational and dynamical aspects of human social organization and urbanization.



SFI's Cities, scaling, and sustainability research is creating an interdisciplinary approach and quantitative synthesis of organizational and dynamical aspects of human social organizations, with an emphasis on cities.

Different disciplinary perspectives are being integrated in terms of the search for similar dependences of urban indicators on population size - scaling analysis - and other variables that characterize the system as a whole.



An important focus of this research area is to develop theoretical insights about cities that can inform quantitative analyses of their long-term sustainability in terms of the interplay between innovation, resource appropriation, and consumption and the make up of their social and economic activity.

This focus area brings together urban planners, economists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, and complex system theorists with the aim of generating an integrated and quantitative understanding of cities. Outstanding areas of research include the identification of general scaling patterns in urban infrastructure and dynamics around the world, the quantification of resource distribution networks in cities and their interplay with the city's socioeconomic fabric, issues of temporal acceleration and spatial density, and the long-term dynamics of urban systems.




Lead Investigators

Geoffrey West, Distinguished Professor and Past President, Science Board, Science Steering Committee

Luis Bettencourt, Professor



His research interests also include the modeling of innovation and sustainability in developing human societies, the dynamics of infectious diseases and aspects of general information processing in complex systems. He is particularly interested in the interplay between information, structure and scale in setting the properties of diverse complex systems.